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Computers have become an indipensable tool
in our lives. They are used for education and
training, business applications, games and recreation,
graphics and design, communication, and music
and sound. Every computer system involves three
functions: input, processing, and output.
Input is the information and commands entered
into the computer via input devices such as
the keyboard and mouse. Processing refers
to the operations performed with the information
given to the computer, such as data processing,
games, and word processing. Output involves
devices like monitors and printers which let
the computer user know what the computer is
doing and producing with the input information.
For individuals who have difficulty seeing
a computer screen, using a keyboard or mouse,
interacting with information, comprehending
the written word, writing, or handling computer
equipment, there are a variety of assistive
technology devices which compensate for these
accessibility issues. They are grouped according
to the three computer functions.
Input Devices
Input devices provide alternative, more accessible
methods for inputting information into the computer.
Input devices can compensate for almost any
type of disability. They include: alternative
keyboards, joysticks, keyboard modifications,
optical pointing devices, pointing and typing
aids, trackballs, touch screens and voice recognition
software.
Processing
Applications
Processing applications facilitate the processing
of information entered into the computer. They
include: menu management programs; access utilities;
reading comprehension programs; writing composition
programs; abbreviation expansion and macro programs;
and writing enhancement tools such as grammar
checkers, spelling checkers, word prediction
programs and reference materials.
Output Devices
Output devices provide alternative, accessible
means for outputting information from the computer.
They include: Braille displays and embossers;
monitor additions; screen enlargement programs;
screen readers, speech synthesizers, and talking
word processors. In particular, output devices
facilitate access for individuals with vision,
hearing, or cognitive impairments.
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